Commento su Bava Batra 8:1
יֵשׁ נוֹחֲלִין וּמַנְחִילִין, וְיֵשׁ נוֹחֲלִין וְלֹא מַנְחִילִין, מַנְחִילִין וְלֹא נוֹחֲלִין, לֹא נוֹחֲלִין וְלֹא מַנְחִילִין. וְאֵלּוּ נוֹחֲלִין וּמַנְחִילִין, הָאָב אֶת הַבָּנִים וְהַבָּנִים אֶת הָאָב וְהָאַחִין מִן הָאָב, נוֹחֲלִין וּמַנְחִילִין. הָאִישׁ אֶת אִמּוֹ וְהָאִישׁ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ, וּבְנֵי אֲחָיוֹת, נוֹחֲלִין וְלֹא מַנְחִילִין. הָאִשָּׁה אֶת בָּנֶיהָ וְהָאִשָּׁה אֶת בַּעְלָהּ וַאֲחֵי הָאֵם, מַנְחִילִין וְלֹא נוֹחֲלִין. וְהָאַחִים מִן הָאֵם, לֹא נוֹחֲלִין וְלֹא מַנְחִילִין:
Ci sono quei [parenti] che ereditano [altri parenti] e lasciano in eredità [a loro alla loro morte]; ereditare, ma non lasciare in eredità; lasciare in eredità ma non ereditare; né ereditare né lasciare in eredità. Questi ereditano e lasciano in eredità: un padre (eredita) i suoi figli, [vale a dire. (Numeri 27: 8): "Un uomo, se muore, e non ha figli, allora passerai la sua eredità a sua figlia"—Laddove il defunto ha una figlia, passi l'eredità dal padre (del defunto), ma non lo fai dove ha (senza figli e figlie, ma solo) fratelli.] E i figli (ereditano) i loro padri, [ cioè. (Ibid .: "Un uomo, se muore, e non ha figli", l'implicazione è che se ha un figlio, il figlio ha la precedenza.] E i fratelli del padre (si ereditano), [vale a dire. (Ibid. 11): "... dalle loro famiglie, secondo la casa dei loro padri."] Questi (i precedenti) ereditano e lasciano in eredità. Un uomo (eredita) sua madre, [vale a dire (Ibid. 36: 8): "E ogni figlia che riceve un'eredità dalle tribù dei figli di Israele." Come può una figlia ereditare due tribù? Può, in un caso in cui suo padre proviene da una tribù e sua madre da una diversa, la figlia ( in assenza di eredi maschi) ereditandoli E poiché è scritta "tribù", la tribù della madre viene paragonata alla tribù del padre, cioè: Proprio come con la tribù del padre il figlio ha la precedenza sul figlia, quindi con la tribù della madre.] Un uomo eredita sua moglie, [cioè Ibid. 27:11): "... la sua carne"—questa è sua moglie. Il verso è inteso come: "E tu gli darai l'eredità di sua moglie". (Noi "diminuiamo, aggiungiamo e spieghiamo"). Potrei pensare che anche lei lo erediti; è quindi scritto (Ibid.): "E lo erediterà" (lett. "lei")—La eredita, ma lei non lo eredita.] E i figli delle sorelle (ereditano il defunto dove non ci sono parenti più stretti). Questi (i precedenti) ereditano, ma non lasciano in eredità. Una donna, suo figlio; una donna lei, marito; e i fratelli della madre, (suo figlio)—lasciano in eredità, ma non ereditano. E i fratelli della madre— non ereditano né lasciano in eredità (gli uni agli altri).
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
These inherit and bequeath: a father as to his sons and sons as to their father and brothers from the same father, these inherit and bequeath.
A man as to mother, and a man as to his wife, and the sons of sisters, inherit but do not bequeath.
A woman as to her sons, and a wife as to her husband, and brothers of the mother, bequeath but do not inherit.
And brothers from the same mother [but not father] neither inherit nor bequeath.
The eighth and ninth chapters of Bava Batra deal with the laws of inheritance. It states in Numbers 8-11 (JPS translation): “If a man dies without leaving a son, you shall transfer his property to his daughter. If he has no daughter, you shall assign his property to his brothers. If he has no brothers, you shall assign his property to his father’s brothers. If his father had no brothers, you shall assign his property to his nearest relative in his own clan, and he shall inherit it.”
The first two mishnayoth of our chapter deal with the order of inheritance, who inherits from whom and who bequeaths property to whom.
This mishnah lists in four categories all those who inherit from others and all those who, when they die, bequeath property to others.
Category one: The relationships listed in this category both inherit and bequeath. When a father dies, his sons inherit and if they should die without offspring, the father inherits from them. If a man dies and he has no children and his father is already dead his brother will inherit. So too if his brother dies in a similar situation , he bequeaths his property to his brother.
Category two: The relationships listed in this category are ones in which the person inherits but does not bequeath. A man inherits his mother but if he should die first, the mother does not inherit from him. So too, a man inherits his wife but if he should die his property is not bequeathed to her. If a man dies and his sister had children, they may inherit him if he has no closer relative. However, if they die, he does not inherit their property since it will pass to their father’s side and not their mother’s.
Category three: The relationships listed in this category are ones in which the person bequeaths but does not inherit. A woman bequeaths her property to her sons but she does not inherit from them if they should die first. Likewise, a husband inherits his wife’s property, but he does not bequeath his property to her. Finally, if a man dies and his closest relative is his sister’s children his property is bequeathed to them, but if they should die he cannot inherit from them.
Category four: The relationships listed in this category are ones in which the person neither bequeaths nor inherits. If a man dies and he leaves a brother who shares a mother but not a father he does not bequeath his property to him, nor does he inherit his property should the brother die. The inheritance lines go to each man’s father’s family and not to his relatives on his mother’s side.